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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of premature death in Europe. CVD is associated with an individual’s pre-existing health conditions and habits, such as smoking, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, hypertension, unhealthy eating habits, and diabetes mellitus.
study: Association between microbiota polyphenols and cardiovascular health in the context of a Mediterranean diet. Image Credit: Antonina Vlasova / Shutterstock.com
Background
The American Heart Association (AHA) proposed an ideal cardiovascular health (ICVH) score in 2010 to improve overall health and reduce cardiovascular disease deaths. The ICVH score is based on seven criteria including ideal health-related behavioral patterns (body mass index (BMI), healthy diet, adequate physical activity, smoking cessation, etc.) and favorable health factors such as normal blood sugar levels and cholesterol. Based on parameters. , and blood pressure levels.
Cardiovascular health and diet go hand in hand. Dietary nutrients and phytochemicals play an important role in the prevention or development of CVD.
Several studies show that a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) with high intake of nuts, legumes, fruits, vegetables, extra virgin olive oil and moderate amounts of wine reduces the risk of developing cardiovascular disease became.
MedDiet is rich in healthy fats and antioxidant bioactive molecules (such as polyphenols). Polyphenols are known to improve cardiovascular health, but their availability in the small intestine is low. encounter.
After absorption, microbial phenol metabolites (MPMs) may be associated with various biological functions. However, studies evaluating the benefits of his MPM for cardiovascular health are limited.
About research
Recent food research international This study identified and quantified MPM in a subpopulation of the PREDIMED trial. Here, the authors determine the association between MPM and MedDiet adherence and cardiovascular health effects in a Mediterranean elderly population.
PREDIMED was a multicenter, 5-year clinical trial that investigated the effects of a conventional MedDiet on primary prevention of CVD. In Spain, between October 2003 and December 2010 he was recruited with 7,447 participants. A key eligibility criterion is that the participant must not have a history of her CVD at baseline. The current study included his 200 participants randomly selected from his PREDIMED-Hospital Clinic recruitment center in Barcelona, Spain.
In the current study, a linear ion trap quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometer (LTQ-OrbitrapMS) was applied for the analysis. This technique provided accurate structural information and helped detect and quantify novel metabolites.
Investigation result
A current cross-sectional substudy of the PREDIMED trial found that higher urinary MPM scores were associated with better MedDiet adherence and improved ICVH scores. Furthermore, a strong inverse correlation was observed between urinary urolithin B glucuronide (UBG) concentrations and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. These findings strongly indicate that MedDiet was associated with phenol metabolites that can improve cardiovascular health.
Previous studies have shown that MedDiet can alter the microbiome ecosystem and the production of microbial metabolites in the gut. Interestingly, greater adherence to MedDiet bacteroidesGenus etc. Prevotellain the gut, is involved in polyphenol metabolism.
No study participant achieved the highest recorded ICVH score. This means that the entire cohort did not meet all 7 health indicators, an observation that was consistent with his PREDIMED trial, where only 0.3% of his cohort reported achieving scores of 6 and 7. consistent with previous studies within This finding is not unnatural, as the PREDIMED trial included Mediterranean elderly, who are usually at high risk for CVD.
The current study also observed associations between multiple MPM scores and ICVH scores. According to individual health parameters, blood sugar levels and diet were positively correlated with his MPM score.
This association was also favored for MPM score and MedDiet adherence. However, individual MPMs failed to increase overall ICVH. Thus, several phenol metabolites together appear to have positive effects on cardiovascular health rather than individually.
strengths and limitations
A key strength of the current study is the inclusion of analyzes of biological samples that provide reliable data on individual metabolism. Furthermore, LTQ-Orbitrap enabled accurate elucidation and quantification of metabolites.
Despite its strengths, the current study has several limitations, such as including only Mediterranean elderly at high risk of developing CVD, reducing the generalizability of the findings. In addition, the authors were unable to determine the composition of the participants’ microbiota as no stool samples were available.
Conclusion
The current study is the first to use the LTQ-OrbitrapMS technique to assess the relationship between urinary MPM, diet, and cardiovascular health.
A strong association was observed between urinary MPM, MedDiet adherence, and healthier cardiovascular status. Furthermore, the phenolic metabolites associated with MedDiet appear to provide beneficial properties for cardiovascular health.
In the future, further studies are needed to better understand the effects of phenolic compounds in biological samples on overall ICVH scores.
Journal reference:
- Domínguez-López, I., Arancibia-Riveros, C., Marhuenda-Munoz, M., et al. (2023) Association between microbiota polyphenols and cardiovascular health in the context of a Mediterranean diet. food research internationaldoi:10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112499
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